Social, Cultural, And Economic Systems Responsible For...

This book provides readers with an in-depth knowledge on how to deliver effective counseling to individuals experiencing social inequalities and injustice through equipping counselors with the skills necessary for becoming agents of change. The author in his 13 chapters examines the social, cultural, and economic systems responsible for perpetuating injustice and inequality with illustrations underlying the importance of counselors’ acceptance of their professional, ethical, and moral responsibility in working with clients in transforming social justice systems. The book is divided into two parts where chapter contents include: challenging educational inequalities: school counselors as agents of social justice; gay and lesbian social†¦show more content†¦Courtney C. Lee is also a past president of both The American Counseling Association and the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development respectively. Scholarly Evaluation: Lee (2007) in chapters 2, 8 and 10 examined the themes: advancing social justice by challenging socioeconomic disadvantage; promoting ethnic/racial equality through empowerment based counseling; and social justice and counseling ethics. Having a limited access to adequate funding inevitably places individuals’ lives and future into an uncomfortable position where they have fewer choices and access to benefits which can allow them to become frustrated. Ethnic minorities have a higher level of poverty existing among them when compared to other ethnic counterparts. According to the 2002-2003 U.S. statistics, children and women are at a higher risk than men of being in poverty where women in comparison to males are at a disadvantage in terms of earnings with their wage constituting 76% of the average wage for males. Consequently, â€Å"being an ethnic minority, being female, or being a child puts one at greater than average risk of living in poverty† (p. 17). Poverty has al so been found to be correlated with several health and mental health conditions. Similarly, individuals of lower socioeconomic status experience higher rates of morbidity and mortality in almost all disease categories when compared to those of

American Flag And Draft Card Burning - 1190 Words

The novel by William Bennett Turner examines First Amendment cases throughout history, discussing Yetta Stromberg, Dannie Martin, Raymond Procunier, Earl Caldwell, and others, describing the impact of Communists, Jehovah s Witnesses, prison wardens, and others that have impacted First Amendment rights in the United States. The central issue in the Stromberg case was whether the state of California violated the First and Fourteenth Amendment by making it illegal to display red flags that suggested support of organizations that dissented organized government or favored anarchic action (Communism). This case was a significant landmark in constitutional law because of the Court’s use of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect a First Amendment right, symbolic speech, from state infringement. It impacted American society in a positive way because it expanded the freedoms in the First amendment and created the doctrine that would be used in cases involving subjects like American flag an d draft card burning. The Supreme Court ruled accurately, the government cannot outlaw speech or expressive conduct because it disapproves the ideas expressed. â€Å"Nonverbal expressive activity can be banned because of the action it entails, but not the ideas it expresses.† (pg.25) Jehovah’s Witnesses were convicted on a charge of breach of the peace for playing a phonograph record that was critical of the Catholic religion to the people he encountered on the street, his intent was to proselytize. ThisShow MoreRelatedA Political Demonstration Of The Dallas City Hall1118 Words   |  5 Pageswith burning an American flag in protest against the policies, where Reagan sought to stimulate the economy with large tax cuts. Johnson was tried and convicted, under Texas law, of the desecration of a venerated object. The State Court of Appeals affirmed the actions, until the case advanced to the Supreme Court after the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals reversed the conv iction, holding that the State (consistent with the First Amendment) could not punish Johnson for burning the flag in theseRead MoreIs Flag-Burning Constitutionally Protected?2303 Words   |  10 Pagesthrough the First Amendment’s Free Speech Clause. Thus, American citizens can openly discuss political matters; criticize the President and his Cabinet on television, radio talk show or in the newspaper; or publicly protest against the government tax policy. However, Free Speech protection becomes debatable when some American citizens burn the nation’s flag to express their disagreement to the government. The act of burning the American Flag should be constitutionally protected under the First Amendment’sRead MoreFlag Burning In America Persuasive Essa Essay example1314 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Chantay Brooks PHI-105 November 16, 2014 Instructor Benjamin Perlin The American Flag can be seen in many public places. You see it in schools, government building, stores and hanging in our homes. Those stars and strips are a symbol of freedom to many people across the nation. But is also represents civil liberties that became the pillars this country was founded upon. Flag Burning should be legalized because it allows those who feel disenfranchised the freedom of speech, the Constitutional rightRead MoreFreedom And Freedom Of Speech Essay2518 Words   |  11 Pages(1919), the issue was whether the First Amendment would be violated when Congress made a law that conflicted with dissent in wartime. â€Å"A unanimous court upheld the conviction of a man [named Charles Schenck] who had used the postal system to send anti-draft leaflets† (Trager 60). The Court decided that when the nation was at war, speech that might be protected in peace time could be prohibited in wartime if it tended to do harm (Trager 60). The pamphlets were found to violat e the Espionage Act of 1917Read More Symbolic Speech Should Be Protected Essay2523 Words   |  11 Pagesunpopular one† (Landmark Cases). However, the actions of Americans that are included under â€Å"free speech,† are often questioned. Many people support the theory of â€Å"free speech,† but may oppose particular practices of free speech that personally offend them. This hypocrisy is illustrated by the case of Neo-Nazis whose right to march in Skokie, Illinois in 1979 was protested by many, but ultimately successfully defended by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). The residents of this predominantlyRead More Flag Burning and the First Amendment2123 Words   |  9 Pages   Ã‚   Your First Amendment rights are extremely close to being violated by none other than the United States Congress. I refer to the Flag Desecration Bill that, if passed, would do irreparable damage to our right to free speech and undermine the very priniciples for which the American flag stands. Fortunately, West Virginians have an ally in Sen. Robert C. Byrd. Sen. Byrd, who previously favored the bill, now fights to protect our rights by stopping the passage of this bill. 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Communication can be defined as the exchange of a thought or an idea between two individualsRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : The United State Of America Essay1263 Words   |  6 PagesJustified by the Supreme Court, not all speech is allowed by the First Amendment due to the risk of interrupting peace and causing violence. [3] II. DEBATES ON FREEDOM OF SPEECH Many people debate on what is covered through Freedom of Speech such as: flag-burning, music lyrics, hate/discriminatory speech, etc. Some feel limits should set on what is included in Freedom of Speech; whereas, others feel no limitations should be given. The U.S. Supreme Court often struggles to decide what constitutes protectedRead More How the Vietnam War Effected the American People and the American Presidency2291 Words   |  10 Pagestroops and the?USSR and the Peoples Republic of China furnished munitions to North Vietnam and the Vietcong. ?Despite the massive American aid, the VC numbers continued to increase. By November 1961, the VC fighting forces had grown from the ?2,000 fighters that had been left after Diems ruthless anti-Communist ?campaign in 1957, to nearly 16, 000. Regardless of American weapons and money, the VC was winning the support of the villagers.?The US military response to the deteriorating position in South

A Thematic Analysis Of Alfred Hitchcocks Psycho Essay Example For Students

A Thematic Analysis Of Alfred Hitchcocks Psycho Essay A Thematic Analysis of Alfred Hitchcocks PsychoArts- MoviesA Thematic Analysis of Alfred Hitchcocks PsychoAlfred Hitchcocks Psycho has been commended for forming the archetypical basis of all horror films that followed its 1960 release. The mass appeal that Psycho has maintained for over three decades can undoubtedly be attributed to its universality. In Psycho, Hitchcock allows the audience to become a subjective character within the plot to enhance the films psychological effects for an audience that is forced to recognise its own neurosis and psychological inadequacies as it is compelled to identify, for varying lengths of time, with the contrasting personalities of the films main characters. Hitchcock conveys an intensifying theme in Psycho, that bases itself on the unending subconscious battle between good and evil that exists in everyone through the audiences subjective participation and implicit character parallels. Psycho begins with a view of a city that is arbitrarily ident ified along with an exact date and time. The camera, seemingly at random, chooses first one of the many buildings and then one of the many windows to explore before the audience is introduced to Marion and Sam. Hitchcocks use of random selection creates a sense of normalcy for the audience. The fact that the city and room were arbitrarily identified impresses upon the audience that their own lives could randomly be applied to the events that are about to follow. In the opening sequence of Psycho, Hitchcock succeeds in capturing the audiences initial senses of awareness and suspicion while allowing it to identify with Marions helpless situation. The audiences sympathy toward Marion is heightened with the introduction of Cassidy whose crude boasting encourages the audiences dislike of his character. Cassidys blatant statement that all unhappiness can be bought away with money, provokes the audience to form a justification for Marions theft of his forty thousand dollars. As Marion begins her journey, the audience is drawn farther into the depths of what is disturbingly abnormal behaviour although it is compelled to identify and sympathize with her actions. It is with Marions character that Hitchcock first introduces the notion of a split personality to the audience. Throughout the first part of the film, Marions reflection is often noted in several mirrors and windows. Hitchcock is therefore able to create a voyeuristic sensation within the audience as it can visualise the effects of any situation through Marions conscious mind. In the car dealership, for example, Marion enters the secluded bathroom in order to have privacy while counting her money. Hitchcock, however, with upper camera angles and the convenient placing of a mirror is able to convey the sense of an ever lingering conscious mind that makes privacy impossible. Hitchcock brings the audience into the bathroom with Marion and allows it to struggle with its own values and beliefs while Marion makes her own decision and continues with her journey. The split personality motif reaches the height of its foreshadowing power as Marion battles bothsides of her conscience while driving on an ominous and seemingly endless road toward the Bates Motel. Marion wrestles with the voices of those that her crime and disappearance has affected while the audience is compelled to recognise as to why it can so easily identify with Marion despite her wrongful actions. As Marions journey comes to an end at the Bates Motel, Hitchcock has successfully made the audience a direct participant within the plot. The suspicion and animosity that Marion feels while at the motel is felt by the audience. As Marion shudders while hearing Normans mother yell at him, the audiences suspicions are heightened as Hitchcock has, at this point, made Marion the vital link between the audience and the plot. .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a , .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .postImageUrl , .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a , .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a:hover , .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a:visited , .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a:active { border:0!important; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a:active , .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Surgical Technology Sample EssayThe initial confrontation between Marion and Norman Bates is used by Hitchcock to subtly and slowly sway the audiences sympathy from Marion to Norman. Hitchcock compels the audience to identify with the quiet and shy character whose devotion to his invalid mother has cost him hisown identity. After Marion and Norman finish dining, Hitchcock has secured the audiences empathy for Norman and the audience is made to question its previous relationship with Marion whose criminal behaviour does not compare to Normans seemingly honest and respectable lifestyle. The audience is reassured, however, when Marion, upon returning to her room, decides to r eturn the money and face the consequences of her actions. Upon the introduction of Norman, Hitchcock introduces the first of several characte r parallels within Psycho. The clash between Marion and Norman, although not apparent to the audience until the end of the film, is one of neurosis versus psychosis. The compulsive and obsessive actions that drove Marion to steal the money is recognisable, albeit unusual behaviour, that the audience embraces as its sympathy is primarily directed towards her character. The terror that Hitchcock conveys to the audience manifests itself once the audience learns that it empathised with a psychotic person to a greater extent than with rational one when its sympathy is shifted to Norman. The shift from the normal to the abnormal is not apparent to the audience in the parlour scene but the audience is later forced to disturbingly reexamine its own conscience and character judgment a bilities to discover why Normans predicament seemed more worthy of its sympathy than Marions. During the infamous shower scene, Hitchcock conveys a sense of cleansing for the audience. Hitchcock has reassured the audience of Marions credibility and introduced Norman as a wholesome character. The audiences newly discovered security is destroyed when Marion is murdered. Even more disturbing for the audience, however, is that the scene is shot not through Marions eyes, but those of the killer. The audience, now in a vulnerable state looks to Norman to replace Marion as its main focus in its subjective role. After Marions murder, the audiences role in the film takes a different approach. Hitchcock provokes the audience to utilise the films other characters in order to solve the mystery of Marions death yet he still successfully maintains the sympathetic bond between Norman and the audience. Interestingly, Hitchcock plays on the audiences obsession with the stolen money as the audience knows that it had been sunk yet clings to the fact that Marions death may have been a result of her crime with the introduction of Sam, Lila, and Arbogast. Hitchcock uses Arbogasts character to arouse suspicion within the audience. Arbogasts murder is not as intense as Marions because the audience had not developed any type of subjective bond with his character. Arbogasts primary motivation, however, was to recover the stolen money which similarly compels the audience to take an interest in his quest. Despite the fact that Arbogast interrupts Normans seemingly innocent existence the audience does not perceive him as an annoyance as they had the interrogative policeman who had hindered Marions journey. When Sam and Lila venture to the Bates Motel to investigate bothMarions and Arbogasts disappearances, Hitchcock presents the audience with more character parallels. As Lila begins to explore Normans home, Hitchcock conveniently places Sam and Norman in the parlour where Marion had dined with Norman before she had been murdered. As the two men face each other, the audience is able to see their contrasting personalities in relation to Marion. Sam, who had legitimately gained Marions affection is poised and respectable in comparison to Norman, whose timid nature and sexual repression is reflected in the scenes of Lilas exploration of his bedroom. The conflict that arises between Sam and Norman reflects the fact that Sam had what Norman wanted but was unable to attain due to his psychotic nature. Psycho concludes by providing a blatant explanation for Normans psychotic tendencies. The audience, although it had received a valid explanation for Normans actions, is left terrified and confus ed by the last scene of Norman and the manifestation of his split personality. Fa ced with this spectacle, Hitchcock forces the audience to examine its conscious self in relation to the events that it had just subjectively played a role in. .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b , .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .postImageUrl , .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b , .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b:hover , .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b:visited , .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b:active { border:0!important; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b:active , .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Progressive Era EssayThe fear that Psycho creates for the audience does not arise from the brutality of the murders but from the subconscious identification with the films characters who all reflect one side of a collective character. Hitchcock enforces the idea that all the basic emotions and sentiments derived from the film can be felt by anyone as the unending battle?between good and evil exists in all aspects of life. The effective use of character parallels and the creation of the audiences subjective role in the plot allows Hitchcock to entice terror and a convey a lingering sense of anxiety within the audience through a progressively intensifying theme. Hitchcoc ks brilliance as a director has consolidated Psychos place among the most reputable and profound horror films ever made.