Athesim Is The New Fundamentalism Religion Essays

Athesim Is The New Fundamentalism Religion Essays Athesim Is The New Fundamentalism Religion Essay Athesim Is The New Fundamentalism Religion Essay Only what is all the vacillate about? All things considered, I guess that relies upon who you converse with. A few people say the existent request is whether god exists or non. Different people will express that it is an announcement about fundamentalism ( with its implicit risks ) and that the two sides blame each other for being only that. Significantly more territory that it is tied in with holding creationism and the ( affirmed ) thought of clever plan being permitted once more into the schoolroom. For me, I have just expressed my ain individual convictions. This is anything but a muddled issue for me. No God exists and the universe can make just ticket WITHOUT my accepting that one DOES be. The Earth will proceed to rotate on it s ain hub ; will proceed to spin in an oval around the Sun every twelvemonth. We will proceed to cherish family and companions, blossoms will bloom in the spring and the future outcomes of planetary warming-fortunate or unfortunate will go on without my confidence in a super-regular being. To support those that have non seen the contentions, nor had a mien to peruse tonss of books on the theme, perhaps I can cast some obvious radiation on probably a portion of the more significant subjects being bantered among theists and nonbelievers today. Another part or 2 will be committed to existent cases by theists and the reasonable rejoinders of those spots. One late contention was about whether athesim is the new fundamentalism . A cardinal articulation from the mystical side was that agnostics ordinarily did non comprehend the committedness one makes sing being near god, and so on.. It was felt that skeptics all around excuse that each piece simply another of beliefs eccentricities. Again the unbelieving perspective exchanges with the announcement straight and just territories that the incredible heft of non-strict individuals USED TO BE, and have become, non-strict on the grounds that they ve surrendered the committedness that they were driven into as children, educated in school, instructed by their locale, church, mosque, sanctuary, and so on.. In some cases, even, they have surrendered it with changing evaluations of awkwardness and harming, yet they see great what is included and what the story is that their restrictions, in the treatment, are focused on . We as a whole realize that for all intents and purposes each confidence known to man has their heavenly book , or unique original copy of the compacts, guidelines, stories, and tales that join to arrange the balance FOR that confidence. In Judaism you have the TORAH and Hinduism has the BHAVAGA GITA. Islam has the QURAN, the Bahai religion has the KITAB-I-IQAN and Christianity has the NEW TESTAMENT. Skeptics have been blamed for holding a way of thinking, some normal base to which every single enemy of theist buy in. There is no blessed book of paganism and neer COULD be , states Professor Richard Dawkins in an ongoing contention. Agnosticism is non a conviction framework , there is just publically-checked grounds . This conflicts with the very meaning of fundamentalisms thorough connection to a heavenly book, and rather regions that atheism contains a committedness to adjust, each piece right away as new grounds comes in . Alongside the accusals of atheism being fundamentalist , there is other than the misinterpretation that we know everything to cognize, that we know reality . Truth be told, any keen skeptic runs basically similarly as the thought procedures of researchers. That is to express that we glorification in what we yet DO NT cognize . We are non exhausted with the days gone by ( as theists would impugn us, partner to our relative nonpartisanship throughout the entire existence of the book of scriptures, for case ) yet rather we are energized by what it leads on toaë†â ¦ . What we DO NT knowaë†â ¦.. It very well may be, again, contrasted with the logical circle where the spreads in our insight ( the dodo record, as we have just discussed, for outline ) are the start of mocking from the mystical side. They keep up that, due to large spreads in our grounds or perception, that no more requests must be askedaë†â ¦ the answer is that god did it . Despite what might be expected, researc hers and nonbelievers in like manner invest wholeheartedly in the way that they are good to go up their arms and secure down to working out things , attempting to FILL IN those spreads. Any push to de-rail unbelieving, judicious, basic thought by asserting a heavenly book composed by antediluvian, desert travelers is the answer, is stupid so. Dawkins finishes up, Science may non cognize what occurred before the Big Bang , logical order may non cognize yet how life started, however in the event that SCIENCE does nt cognize the answers to those requests, so there s impeccably not a single ground to state the answer is in sight in an antiquated sanctum book, or ANY otherworldly textaë†â ¦.. To trust THAT would be True FUNDAMENTALISM aë†â ¦aë†â ¦ Another muddying-the-water theist method is to try to hold long, mentally framed articles, attempting to delineate what a nonbeliever genuinely rely on. What sort of skeptic ARE you , one may state. Realism, polytheism, skepticism, negative hypothetical paganism, functional atheism. These are a portion of the classifications of atheism characterized. They recount philosophical contrasts, and changing degrees of committedness towards hostile to belief in a higher power. Get the job done it-to-state that each of these have their balance ever, yet you will happen that most advanced agnostics are of the typical sort, just lolling existence without the interest to have confidence in an omniscient super-regular creatoraë†â ¦ . terminal of story. A second point to see sing accusals of being fundamentalist, are the charges that we are radicals , that we are like the individuals associated with fetus removal center bombardments or the evil renowned occasions of Sept. eleventh, 2001. These, potentially, are accusals of the exceptionally miserable or poorly educated, by the by I feel the interest to make on this a spot. There have been numerous frightful things in our history done for the sake of confidence, yet when have you ever known about something monstrous being done for the sake of Atheism? It is anything but difficult to take out and delineate appalling things like the annihilation of 1000s of learned people and more by the dictatorial pioneer POL POT, for representation, and state he did these abominable things BECAUSE he was an agnostic. In his initial beginnings, due to hapless classs in school, he was viewed as a head campaigner for consideration into the philistine PCF gathering however that was 20 mature ages before he came to control. I guess that being an enemy of scholarly association narratives for their focusing of agnostics, as a major for every centum of genuine nonbelievers do so hold ( or have in some way ) a sane mindset. POL POT obviously did non. Besides, POL POT was into numerous things, and in the event that you bring a sound articulation into his life, he was progressive ly about murdering individuals aimlessly and doing issue for the sake of gatherings inside his state rather than executing individuals BECAUSE he was a nonbeliever. In the event that he WAS an agnostic, he was doubtlessly NOT murdering individuals dependent on that minor individual conviction. He was nuts, straightforward as can be! ! ! The equivalent can be said of STALIN, another individual every now and again generalized with the likes of the couple of dictators the universe has needed to propose with who happened to be skeptics ( in evolving grades, I may include ) , however didn't execute their offenses BECAUSE they were nonbelievers. He was an insidious grown-up male who had a position of intensity and was a doll of LENIN. He was an extremist despot and in the event that he had slaughtered profound individuals, it would be on the grounds that they would unquestionably be against the territory and along these lines him each piece great. Further examination into Stalins life uncovers that potentially he was non so against theist as individuals might suspect. In the documental Mysteries of the Century: Kremlin Kids ( having Stalins young lady, Svetlana Alliluyeva Stalin ) she reviewed the followingaë†â ¦ . In male parent s library, between different books, were scarcely any books of Christ . It was history of Christ composed by vox democrat Morozov. I said to my male parent: But Christ did nt be! furthermore, he addressed Oh no, Christ, positively existed. She proceeds to talk around a couple of Acts of the Apostless that would hope to propose Stalin was rather delicate on covering with the strict mindedaë†â ¦ . Under Stalins insistingaë†â ¦ . The Politburo of the Central Committee has conceded indictments of trusters inexpedient . Stalin other than dropped Lenin s course from May, first, 1919 for N 13666-2 About fight against ministers and confidence and provided requests to People s Commissariat of Internal Affairs ( NKVD ) to relinquish from detainment previously captured clerics if movement of these residents did nt hurt the Soviet approval . The 9/11 cataclysm was submitted by 19 highjackers who did all for the sake of confidence . They openly and unfeignedly accepted they were acting in a decent and upright way , clarifies Richard Dawkins. They accepted they were making what their God needed them to make, they accepted they were venturing out to a saints compensation . There is a sensible designed development towards outrageous profound influence and these sorts of heartbreaking occasions. Agnostics convictions have no such kind of legitimate, horrendous impacts. These Muslim radical people have been instructed such things since youth in their religion schools. In the event that there WERE an institute of religion for atheism there most without a doubt would Not be any directions which would request a rough invasion on individuals. In the event that there WERE such schools they would be shown basic reasoning and how to do up their ain heads . Another accusal put upon skeptics ( all the more so on the more vocal 1s like the individuals I allude to in this book ) is the way where they use words to elucidate their example. Theists will express that they are using the semantic correspondence of fanaticism in trying to

Dont Do Drugs

Hello I'm Alma and this my supposition on why you shouldn't utilize drugs. I accept that medications ruin your body, mind , and life. Medications influence your body from multiple points of view, for example, cerebrum harm , heart issues, kidney disappointment, liver issues and the rundown continues endlessly. As a matter of first importance Drugs are illegal and until the law is transformed, anything to do with developing, moving and selling of medications is illicit. So except if you need to invest some energy in a correctional facility I propose you reconsider before attempting any drug.The most regular medication that is utilized is cannabis. Many individuals state its not terrible and that it assists with torment yakkity yak yet when truly cannabis can be the reason for individuals to go to more grounded progressively addictive medications, for example, champion, cocaine, and precious stone meth. These medications are known for fundamentally assuming control over people groups l ives. Everything necessary is to attempt it once and afterward bam your snared on it. They'll do anything just to get that high inclination they first got.Which implies they need to utilize increasingly more of the medication each time just to get that high inclination by and by. Medication addicts frequently think and act distinctively when utilizing drugs. They will regularly take from their family, and there's all the more a possibility that they'll mishandle them genuinely and intellectually. The hardest thing for tranquilize clients is attempting to stop. Individuals get withdrawals where they can become discouraged , have nervousness, become fretful and numerous other hard side effects to manage. So why experience all that battle when you can essentially simply say no?Another motivation to avoid drugs is on the grounds that they can keep you away from landing your fantasy position or even an occupation period and from having the option to associate with loved ones. Many medica tion clients will in general lose every one of their loved ones since they either don't confide in them, they're a terrible impact or they're vicious. I most definitely wouldn't chance loosing my family or companions as a result of medications its equitable not justified, despite any potential benefits and why stress over if their going to make you take a medication test to land that position you truly want.When you can be effortless on the off chance that your medication free and, at that point you can land any position you need. The last motivations to avoid drugs is that they can have irreversible harm not exclusively to your body however to your emotional well-being. Numerous individuals have been known to free touch with the real world and in the majority of those cases its difficult for them to come back to ordinary mental limit. There are individuals who are frequently trying to claim ignorance that they have a medication issue that can eventually prompt overdose and passing. As I would see it you should avoid all medications, in view of these three primary reasons.The First one being Drugs are illicit and utilizing them can prompt the lost of your opportunity for a long time. The subsequent explanation is There's a high likelihood of getting dependent and you can wind up loosing everything and everybody you love. The last explanation is that medications can make you lose your mental stability and in the end your life. This is the reason I decided not to utilize drugs since I would prefer not to chance loosing my friends and family and my life. Ideally this will persuade you not to ever attempt sedates either.

Theodore Roosdevelt Essays - New York, United States,

Theodore Roosdevelt 26th President of the United States (1901-1909) Theodore Roosevelt was a fiery and dynamic pioneer who gave the country a fair arrangement. During his administration to a place of internatio nal initiative. Roosevelt had a place with a privileged New York family. He went to Harvard Univerity. Theodore Roosevelt battled in the Spanish-American war with the Harsh Riders at the clash of San Juan Hill. He had filled in as police commissiores of New York, associate secretary of the naval force, legislative leader of New York, and VP of the United States.When president McKinley was killed on September 14, 1901, Theodore Roosevelt became, at that point, the most youthful (43 years) president in hist ory. The president considered himself to be a man of the center who might ruminate the battle among capital and work. He said that business must be ensured against itself and he would in general kindness administrative commissions that gave objective supervisi on by specialists of strategic policies. As president he prevailing with regards to getting extra authority over the railways for the interstate business commission. He was additionally instrumental in the section of the meat review act and the unadulterated nourishment and medication act.Ro demeanor toward poor people and towards the work development was that of an illuminated traditionalist. He bolstered many work requests, for example, shorter hours for ladies and youngsters, businesses' risk laws and constraints on the utilization of directives against laborers in labor debates. In change, Roosevelt needed continuous change. He moved toward the reformers and wound up as the applicant of the dynamic party in the Bull Moose presidential campaingn in 1912. He had broken with the Repub lican party. In 1907 movement arrived at its unequaled high 1,285,000 out of one year. Theodore Roosevelt stated, There can be no partitioned devotion here. Any man who says he is an American, however something different likewise, isn't an American by any stretch of the imagination. We have ro om however for on language here and that is the English language, for we mean to see that the cauldron turns our kin out as Americans, of American nationality; we have space for however one soul reliability, and that is dependability to the American individuals. Ro l ed the United States into continous outfitted intercessions in the caribbean. In 1906 a revolt in Cuba made the United States mediate in its undertakings. The American government pulled back its capacity when ordr was reestablished. In the Philippines c ivil government was placed into activity, and a correspondences link was laid over the Pacific. Roosevelt mediated in the war betwwen Russia and Japan. He welcomed the Russian and Japanese governments to send harmony magistrates to America where a harmony arrangement was sighned in 1905. The next year the president was granted the nobel harmony prize. Individuals had needed a waterway connectiong the Atlantic and Pacific for hundreds of years. A French organization, which failed, had begun the ace ject. The organization offered the panamanian rights to fabricate the channel to the United States government. Colombia, whose region included Panama, didn't consent to the terms offered by the Uninted States. Ro didn't have a favorable opinion of he of Latin Americans in the first place. He called he colombians silly and maniacal corruptionits. The Roosevelt organization upheld a revolt by the Panamanians against Colombia. The new nation of Panama marked a waterway bargain ideal for the United States in 1903. The Pana mama trench was finished August 15, 1914. President Theodore Roosevelt passed on at Sagamore slope, his home at shellfish inlet, New York, on January 6, 1919. - - - -

IKEA Case Analysis - 2750 Words

IKEA Case Analysis (Case Study Sample) Content: NameInstructorTaskDateIKEA Case Analysis1. How should Marianne Barner respond to the invitation for IKEA to have a representative appear on the upcoming broadcast of the German video program? I am for the idea that Marianne Barner should respond to the invitation for IKEA to have a representative appear on the upcoming broadcast of the German video program by sending a representative and it is preferable that she attends the interview on a personal level at her capacity as the head of Business Area Manager for carpets. This is due to the reason that IKEA had been exclusively mentioned by a Swedish television documentary as being involved in selling carpets and mats woven by children from Pakistan. In addition, it was only in December 1989 that the U.N. Rights of the Child Convention was published thus the TV program which had invited her for an interview was vital in raising awareness on the less comprehended topic of child labor, which also a foreign ph enomenon amongst the IKEA staff. The topic had widely been neglected and ignored since despite Barner visiting India for a couple of months to get more trading knowledge, she was not exposed to the child labor phenomenon. Since buyers only met with suppliers at the city offices and seldom visited the production places, they were oblivious to the threat of child labor. Marianne Barnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s appearance for the television interview was necessary to protect IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s reputation by first apologizing for the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s ignorance and admit that though the company lacked exclusive control of the crisis, it offers a reassurance that it was committed to see an end to the problem.Denying to appear for the German television interview would do more harm than good to the company since the German film maker who had produced the film of underage children working at Rangan Exports had already availed still photos taken from the video therefore there was enough evidence to incri minate IKEA since they were well known of being supplied their carpets and mats by Rangan Exports. Barner therefore had a duty to defend IKEA in that situation and reassure IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s commitment towards solving the issue.2. What actions should she take regarding the IKEA supply contract with Rangan Exports? In order to remedy the situation, Marianne Barner with the help of IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s legal team should ensure the adoption of convention 138 of the International Labor Organization (ILO) as a good remedy to the problem. The 1973 convention adopted by ILO and ratified by 120 countries compelled the ratifying countries to immediately abolish or work towards the abolition of child labor by under 15 year olds or any compulsory school going children in the countries. Since Pakistan, India, and Nepal had not signed and agreed to the convention, IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬S discussion with the ILO resulted to an additional clause to the convention that touched on all the supply co ntracts stating that there would be immediate cancellation of supplier contracts for any suppliers that employed underage children below the legal working age. It was challenging to protect IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s reputation, brand and image considering her responsibility to monitor profits and losses for carpets since there were numerous critics who thought that dropping the Asian supplier market would very much harm IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s profits and place the business at a competitive disadvantage to its competitors especially from a cost perspective.3. What long-term strategy would you suggest she take regarding IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s continued operation in India? Should the company stay or should it exit? (Be prepared to describe the impact of such a decision and how you would manage it) The best long-term action that Bannner should take would be to append her signature to a partnership of different industry stakeholders such as importers, retailers, manufacturers, as well as Indian no ngovernmental organizations (NGOs) whose primary concern was the growing employment of child labor in the Indian carpet industry. The suggested solution ranged from the introduction and monitoring of a certification label called "Rugmark" attached on carpets as an indication that no child labor was used to produce the carpets. The Rugmark foundation was an industry response recently initiated by the various stakeholders such as consumer activists, human rights organizations, and German trade unions in the early 1990s and was triggered by a program to create consumer awareness. In order to ensure smooth implementation, Rugmark Foundation was mandated to supervise and monitor the continuous and unfailing use of the label.In addition, Banner should continue with her efforts to bring on board various NGOs for instance the Swedish Save the Children who were continuously pushing for IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s continued assurance that it would respond to the situation in a manner that best benefits the child, regardless the implication. Furthermore, Banner should involve IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Finance and Project Management departs to undertake cost-benefit analysis on the benefits the Indian, Pakistan markets offer to IKEA in terms of the total turnover vies a vies the cost, time, risk, and tainted reputation the company may suffer if they continued to be supplied from this controversial market. The profit potential of the Asian suppliers does not seem to be worth the above mentioned demerits.I am of the opinion that IKEA should not continue receiving their carpets and mats supply from India since despite the fact that India is among the largest sources for rugs and carpets; the industry also creates lots of jobs for the indigenous community. A 1991 census concluded that the total under 15 years working children as 11.3 million. A significantly large number of Indian children ranging from 5 years old and above, work in mining, agriculture, manufacturing, and quarrying industries. An estimated 200,000 out of the above mentioned figures, 200,000 worked in the carpet industry, weaving on looms for small subcontractors, large companies, as well as homes where the entire family weaved on looms for an extra coin. However, the problem is deeply rooted beyond our comprehension.The problem of child labor emanated from ancient India from the concept of bonding of children and making them servants so as to pay up debts that their parents incurred mainly in the region of $30-300. However small this amount may seem, the high interest rates and meager wages paid to children remarkably extend the repayment periods. Despite the Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s government abolition of bonded child labor, which had been already deemed illegal under the British colonial rule through the Children (Pledging of Labor) Act, there was continued spread of the practice until it was later countered by the 1976 Bonded Labor System (Abolition) Act.Nonetheless, the loophole that most companies employin g child labor in China exploited is the aspect that the Indian government was overly lenient on unbounded child labor terming it as a socioeconomic phenomenon emanating from poverty and stagnating economic growth. Whereas the 1986 Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act condoned the employment of children below 14 years old in specific "hazardous industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , while regulating their working conditions and hours in others, the government was of the view that a large proportion of child labor entailed children working hand in hand and under the surveillance of their guardians especially in the cottage, agriculture, and service industries. It is the Indian law that permitted children to engage in crafting so as to pass down the specialized handicraft skills to the future generations, that has been exploited by child labor offenders. This shows how it may pose such a big challenge to reinforce the bonded labor abolition laws due to poor enforcement and mildly severe pr osecution.Industry AnalysisThreat of New EntrantsThe procurement principle adopted by IKEA that rather than owning and controlling its sources, it would aim at forging close ties by sustaining long-term relationship with its suppliers aimed at not only providing technology transfer and supply contracts, but also loan advancements payable through future shipments and at very favorable rates. In the quest for reduced prices, the company developed a unique way of identifying new sources by purchasing unused production capacity as opposed to buying the products themselves. An example of such is getting sail makers to sew their seat cushions, employ services of window makers to manufacture table frames, and ski makers build chairs during their off season. All these efforts are channeled towards reducing the prices of the final products and thus strength of becoming the cheapest furniture retail store globally. By IKEA getting control of the suppliers, this means that it is locking out so me of the potential new entrants to the industry since IKEA will enjoy cheap supplies and thus reduce the costs of its products. Controlling the sources of raw materials also means that IKEA would enjoy economies of scale thus reduced production costs and less prices that lock out potential new entrants.Supplier powerIn the initial years of IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s development, the founder, Kamprad, experienced a lot of supplier power which was really striving to frustrate him by the furniture manufacturing forming cartels that took control of the Swedish furniture industry in order to maintain high prices. The limited supply that resulted from the pressures from Swedenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s large furniture retailers from dealing with IKEA led to higher price tags on their items until they sourced for new suppliers abroad. IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s strategy of seeking a new source in Poland and the company going to extents of transferred its technological knowhow, availed machine... IKEA Case Analysis - 2750 Words IKEA Case Analysis (Case Study Sample) Content: NameInstructorTaskDateIKEA Case Analysis1. How should Marianne Barner respond to the invitation for IKEA to have a representative appear on the upcoming broadcast of the German video program? I am for the idea that Marianne Barner should respond to the invitation for IKEA to have a representative appear on the upcoming broadcast of the German video program by sending a representative and it is preferable that she attends the interview on a personal level at her capacity as the head of Business Area Manager for carpets. This is due to the reason that IKEA had been exclusively mentioned by a Swedish television documentary as being involved in selling carpets and mats woven by children from Pakistan. In addition, it was only in December 1989 that the U.N. Rights of the Child Convention was published thus the TV program which had invited her for an interview was vital in raising awareness on the less comprehended topic of child labor, which also a foreign ph enomenon amongst the IKEA staff. The topic had widely been neglected and ignored since despite Barner visiting India for a couple of months to get more trading knowledge, she was not exposed to the child labor phenomenon. Since buyers only met with suppliers at the city offices and seldom visited the production places, they were oblivious to the threat of child labor. Marianne Barnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s appearance for the television interview was necessary to protect IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s reputation by first apologizing for the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s ignorance and admit that though the company lacked exclusive control of the crisis, it offers a reassurance that it was committed to see an end to the problem.Denying to appear for the German television interview would do more harm than good to the company since the German film maker who had produced the film of underage children working at Rangan Exports had already availed still photos taken from the video therefore there was enough evidence to incri minate IKEA since they were well known of being supplied their carpets and mats by Rangan Exports. Barner therefore had a duty to defend IKEA in that situation and reassure IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s commitment towards solving the issue.2. What actions should she take regarding the IKEA supply contract with Rangan Exports? In order to remedy the situation, Marianne Barner with the help of IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s legal team should ensure the adoption of convention 138 of the International Labor Organization (ILO) as a good remedy to the problem. The 1973 convention adopted by ILO and ratified by 120 countries compelled the ratifying countries to immediately abolish or work towards the abolition of child labor by under 15 year olds or any compulsory school going children in the countries. Since Pakistan, India, and Nepal had not signed and agreed to the convention, IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬S discussion with the ILO resulted to an additional clause to the convention that touched on all the supply co ntracts stating that there would be immediate cancellation of supplier contracts for any suppliers that employed underage children below the legal working age. It was challenging to protect IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s reputation, brand and image considering her responsibility to monitor profits and losses for carpets since there were numerous critics who thought that dropping the Asian supplier market would very much harm IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s profits and place the business at a competitive disadvantage to its competitors especially from a cost perspective.3. What long-term strategy would you suggest she take regarding IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s continued operation in India? Should the company stay or should it exit? (Be prepared to describe the impact of such a decision and how you would manage it) The best long-term action that Bannner should take would be to append her signature to a partnership of different industry stakeholders such as importers, retailers, manufacturers, as well as Indian no ngovernmental organizations (NGOs) whose primary concern was the growing employment of child labor in the Indian carpet industry. The suggested solution ranged from the introduction and monitoring of a certification label called "Rugmark" attached on carpets as an indication that no child labor was used to produce the carpets. The Rugmark foundation was an industry response recently initiated by the various stakeholders such as consumer activists, human rights organizations, and German trade unions in the early 1990s and was triggered by a program to create consumer awareness. In order to ensure smooth implementation, Rugmark Foundation was mandated to supervise and monitor the continuous and unfailing use of the label.In addition, Banner should continue with her efforts to bring on board various NGOs for instance the Swedish Save the Children who were continuously pushing for IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s continued assurance that it would respond to the situation in a manner that best benefits the child, regardless the implication. Furthermore, Banner should involve IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Finance and Project Management departs to undertake cost-benefit analysis on the benefits the Indian, Pakistan markets offer to IKEA in terms of the total turnover vies a vies the cost, time, risk, and tainted reputation the company may suffer if they continued to be supplied from this controversial market. The profit potential of the Asian suppliers does not seem to be worth the above mentioned demerits.I am of the opinion that IKEA should not continue receiving their carpets and mats supply from India since despite the fact that India is among the largest sources for rugs and carpets; the industry also creates lots of jobs for the indigenous community. A 1991 census concluded that the total under 15 years working children as 11.3 million. A significantly large number of Indian children ranging from 5 years old and above, work in mining, agriculture, manufacturing, and quarrying industries. An estimated 200,000 out of the above mentioned figures, 200,000 worked in the carpet industry, weaving on looms for small subcontractors, large companies, as well as homes where the entire family weaved on looms for an extra coin. However, the problem is deeply rooted beyond our comprehension.The problem of child labor emanated from ancient India from the concept of bonding of children and making them servants so as to pay up debts that their parents incurred mainly in the region of $30-300. However small this amount may seem, the high interest rates and meager wages paid to children remarkably extend the repayment periods. Despite the Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s government abolition of bonded child labor, which had been already deemed illegal under the British colonial rule through the Children (Pledging of Labor) Act, there was continued spread of the practice until it was later countered by the 1976 Bonded Labor System (Abolition) Act.Nonetheless, the loophole that most companies employin g child labor in China exploited is the aspect that the Indian government was overly lenient on unbounded child labor terming it as a socioeconomic phenomenon emanating from poverty and stagnating economic growth. Whereas the 1986 Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act condoned the employment of children below 14 years old in specific "hazardous industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , while regulating their working conditions and hours in others, the government was of the view that a large proportion of child labor entailed children working hand in hand and under the surveillance of their guardians especially in the cottage, agriculture, and service industries. It is the Indian law that permitted children to engage in crafting so as to pass down the specialized handicraft skills to the future generations, that has been exploited by child labor offenders. This shows how it may pose such a big challenge to reinforce the bonded labor abolition laws due to poor enforcement and mildly severe pr osecution.Industry AnalysisThreat of New EntrantsThe procurement principle adopted by IKEA that rather than owning and controlling its sources, it would aim at forging close ties by sustaining long-term relationship with its suppliers aimed at not only providing technology transfer and supply contracts, but also loan advancements payable through future shipments and at very favorable rates. In the quest for reduced prices, the company developed a unique way of identifying new sources by purchasing unused production capacity as opposed to buying the products themselves. An example of such is getting sail makers to sew their seat cushions, employ services of window makers to manufacture table frames, and ski makers build chairs during their off season. All these efforts are channeled towards reducing the prices of the final products and thus strength of becoming the cheapest furniture retail store globally. By IKEA getting control of the suppliers, this means that it is locking out so me of the potential new entrants to the industry since IKEA will enjoy cheap supplies and thus reduce the costs of its products. Controlling the sources of raw materials also means that IKEA would enjoy economies of scale thus reduced production costs and less prices that lock out potential new entrants.Supplier powerIn the initial years of IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s development, the founder, Kamprad, experienced a lot of supplier power which was really striving to frustrate him by the furniture manufacturing forming cartels that took control of the Swedish furniture industry in order to maintain high prices. The limited supply that resulted from the pressures from Swedenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s large furniture retailers from dealing with IKEA led to higher price tags on their items until they sourced for new suppliers abroad. IKEAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s strategy of seeking a new source in Poland and the company going to extents of transferred its technological knowhow, availed machine...

Social, Cultural, And Economic Systems Responsible For...

This book provides readers with an in-depth knowledge on how to deliver effective counseling to individuals experiencing social inequalities and injustice through equipping counselors with the skills necessary for becoming agents of change. The author in his 13 chapters examines the social, cultural, and economic systems responsible for perpetuating injustice and inequality with illustrations underlying the importance of counselors’ acceptance of their professional, ethical, and moral responsibility in working with clients in transforming social justice systems. The book is divided into two parts where chapter contents include: challenging educational inequalities: school counselors as agents of social justice; gay and lesbian social†¦show more content†¦Courtney C. Lee is also a past president of both The American Counseling Association and the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development respectively. Scholarly Evaluation: Lee (2007) in chapters 2, 8 and 10 examined the themes: advancing social justice by challenging socioeconomic disadvantage; promoting ethnic/racial equality through empowerment based counseling; and social justice and counseling ethics. Having a limited access to adequate funding inevitably places individuals’ lives and future into an uncomfortable position where they have fewer choices and access to benefits which can allow them to become frustrated. Ethnic minorities have a higher level of poverty existing among them when compared to other ethnic counterparts. According to the 2002-2003 U.S. statistics, children and women are at a higher risk than men of being in poverty where women in comparison to males are at a disadvantage in terms of earnings with their wage constituting 76% of the average wage for males. Consequently, â€Å"being an ethnic minority, being female, or being a child puts one at greater than average risk of living in poverty† (p. 17). Poverty has al so been found to be correlated with several health and mental health conditions. Similarly, individuals of lower socioeconomic status experience higher rates of morbidity and mortality in almost all disease categories when compared to those of

American Flag And Draft Card Burning - 1190 Words

The novel by William Bennett Turner examines First Amendment cases throughout history, discussing Yetta Stromberg, Dannie Martin, Raymond Procunier, Earl Caldwell, and others, describing the impact of Communists, Jehovah s Witnesses, prison wardens, and others that have impacted First Amendment rights in the United States. The central issue in the Stromberg case was whether the state of California violated the First and Fourteenth Amendment by making it illegal to display red flags that suggested support of organizations that dissented organized government or favored anarchic action (Communism). This case was a significant landmark in constitutional law because of the Court’s use of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect a First Amendment right, symbolic speech, from state infringement. It impacted American society in a positive way because it expanded the freedoms in the First amendment and created the doctrine that would be used in cases involving subjects like American flag an d draft card burning. The Supreme Court ruled accurately, the government cannot outlaw speech or expressive conduct because it disapproves the ideas expressed. â€Å"Nonverbal expressive activity can be banned because of the action it entails, but not the ideas it expresses.† (pg.25) Jehovah’s Witnesses were convicted on a charge of breach of the peace for playing a phonograph record that was critical of the Catholic religion to the people he encountered on the street, his intent was to proselytize. ThisShow MoreRelatedA Political Demonstration Of The Dallas City Hall1118 Words   |  5 Pageswith burning an American flag in protest against the policies, where Reagan sought to stimulate the economy with large tax cuts. 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A Thematic Analysis Of Alfred Hitchcocks Psycho Essay Example For Students

A Thematic Analysis Of Alfred Hitchcocks Psycho Essay A Thematic Analysis of Alfred Hitchcocks PsychoArts- MoviesA Thematic Analysis of Alfred Hitchcocks PsychoAlfred Hitchcocks Psycho has been commended for forming the archetypical basis of all horror films that followed its 1960 release. The mass appeal that Psycho has maintained for over three decades can undoubtedly be attributed to its universality. In Psycho, Hitchcock allows the audience to become a subjective character within the plot to enhance the films psychological effects for an audience that is forced to recognise its own neurosis and psychological inadequacies as it is compelled to identify, for varying lengths of time, with the contrasting personalities of the films main characters. Hitchcock conveys an intensifying theme in Psycho, that bases itself on the unending subconscious battle between good and evil that exists in everyone through the audiences subjective participation and implicit character parallels. Psycho begins with a view of a city that is arbitrarily ident ified along with an exact date and time. The camera, seemingly at random, chooses first one of the many buildings and then one of the many windows to explore before the audience is introduced to Marion and Sam. Hitchcocks use of random selection creates a sense of normalcy for the audience. The fact that the city and room were arbitrarily identified impresses upon the audience that their own lives could randomly be applied to the events that are about to follow. In the opening sequence of Psycho, Hitchcock succeeds in capturing the audiences initial senses of awareness and suspicion while allowing it to identify with Marions helpless situation. The audiences sympathy toward Marion is heightened with the introduction of Cassidy whose crude boasting encourages the audiences dislike of his character. Cassidys blatant statement that all unhappiness can be bought away with money, provokes the audience to form a justification for Marions theft of his forty thousand dollars. As Marion begins her journey, the audience is drawn farther into the depths of what is disturbingly abnormal behaviour although it is compelled to identify and sympathize with her actions. It is with Marions character that Hitchcock first introduces the notion of a split personality to the audience. Throughout the first part of the film, Marions reflection is often noted in several mirrors and windows. Hitchcock is therefore able to create a voyeuristic sensation within the audience as it can visualise the effects of any situation through Marions conscious mind. In the car dealership, for example, Marion enters the secluded bathroom in order to have privacy while counting her money. Hitchcock, however, with upper camera angles and the convenient placing of a mirror is able to convey the sense of an ever lingering conscious mind that makes privacy impossible. Hitchcock brings the audience into the bathroom with Marion and allows it to struggle with its own values and beliefs while Marion makes her own decision and continues with her journey. The split personality motif reaches the height of its foreshadowing power as Marion battles bothsides of her conscience while driving on an ominous and seemingly endless road toward the Bates Motel. Marion wrestles with the voices of those that her crime and disappearance has affected while the audience is compelled to recognise as to why it can so easily identify with Marion despite her wrongful actions. As Marions journey comes to an end at the Bates Motel, Hitchcock has successfully made the audience a direct participant within the plot. The suspicion and animosity that Marion feels while at the motel is felt by the audience. As Marion shudders while hearing Normans mother yell at him, the audiences suspicions are heightened as Hitchcock has, at this point, made Marion the vital link between the audience and the plot. .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a , .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .postImageUrl , .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a , .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a:hover , .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a:visited , .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a:active { border:0!important; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a:active , .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0cefa4bce7758533c75d1e1388c8b35a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Surgical Technology Sample EssayThe initial confrontation between Marion and Norman Bates is used by Hitchcock to subtly and slowly sway the audiences sympathy from Marion to Norman. Hitchcock compels the audience to identify with the quiet and shy character whose devotion to his invalid mother has cost him hisown identity. After Marion and Norman finish dining, Hitchcock has secured the audiences empathy for Norman and the audience is made to question its previous relationship with Marion whose criminal behaviour does not compare to Normans seemingly honest and respectable lifestyle. The audience is reassured, however, when Marion, upon returning to her room, decides to r eturn the money and face the consequences of her actions. Upon the introduction of Norman, Hitchcock introduces the first of several characte r parallels within Psycho. The clash between Marion and Norman, although not apparent to the audience until the end of the film, is one of neurosis versus psychosis. The compulsive and obsessive actions that drove Marion to steal the money is recognisable, albeit unusual behaviour, that the audience embraces as its sympathy is primarily directed towards her character. The terror that Hitchcock conveys to the audience manifests itself once the audience learns that it empathised with a psychotic person to a greater extent than with rational one when its sympathy is shifted to Norman. The shift from the normal to the abnormal is not apparent to the audience in the parlour scene but the audience is later forced to disturbingly reexamine its own conscience and character judgment a bilities to discover why Normans predicament seemed more worthy of its sympathy than Marions. During the infamous shower scene, Hitchcock conveys a sense of cleansing for the audience. Hitchcock has reassured the audience of Marions credibility and introduced Norman as a wholesome character. The audiences newly discovered security is destroyed when Marion is murdered. Even more disturbing for the audience, however, is that the scene is shot not through Marions eyes, but those of the killer. The audience, now in a vulnerable state looks to Norman to replace Marion as its main focus in its subjective role. After Marions murder, the audiences role in the film takes a different approach. Hitchcock provokes the audience to utilise the films other characters in order to solve the mystery of Marions death yet he still successfully maintains the sympathetic bond between Norman and the audience. Interestingly, Hitchcock plays on the audiences obsession with the stolen money as the audience knows that it had been sunk yet clings to the fact that Marions death may have been a result of her crime with the introduction of Sam, Lila, and Arbogast. Hitchcock uses Arbogasts character to arouse suspicion within the audience. Arbogasts murder is not as intense as Marions because the audience had not developed any type of subjective bond with his character. Arbogasts primary motivation, however, was to recover the stolen money which similarly compels the audience to take an interest in his quest. Despite the fact that Arbogast interrupts Normans seemingly innocent existence the audience does not perceive him as an annoyance as they had the interrogative policeman who had hindered Marions journey. When Sam and Lila venture to the Bates Motel to investigate bothMarions and Arbogasts disappearances, Hitchcock presents the audience with more character parallels. As Lila begins to explore Normans home, Hitchcock conveniently places Sam and Norman in the parlour where Marion had dined with Norman before she had been murdered. As the two men face each other, the audience is able to see their contrasting personalities in relation to Marion. Sam, who had legitimately gained Marions affection is poised and respectable in comparison to Norman, whose timid nature and sexual repression is reflected in the scenes of Lilas exploration of his bedroom. The conflict that arises between Sam and Norman reflects the fact that Sam had what Norman wanted but was unable to attain due to his psychotic nature. Psycho concludes by providing a blatant explanation for Normans psychotic tendencies. The audience, although it had received a valid explanation for Normans actions, is left terrified and confus ed by the last scene of Norman and the manifestation of his split personality. Fa ced with this spectacle, Hitchcock forces the audience to examine its conscious self in relation to the events that it had just subjectively played a role in. .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b , .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .postImageUrl , .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b , .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b:hover , .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b:visited , .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b:active { border:0!important; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b:active , .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1b80ae8db3c0865823d9ac9e23bcbd4b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Progressive Era EssayThe fear that Psycho creates for the audience does not arise from the brutality of the murders but from the subconscious identification with the films characters who all reflect one side of a collective character. Hitchcock enforces the idea that all the basic emotions and sentiments derived from the film can be felt by anyone as the unending battle?between good and evil exists in all aspects of life. The effective use of character parallels and the creation of the audiences subjective role in the plot allows Hitchcock to entice terror and a convey a lingering sense of anxiety within the audience through a progressively intensifying theme. Hitchcoc ks brilliance as a director has consolidated Psychos place among the most reputable and profound horror films ever made.

March Madness Tips Off At This Tech Startup

It’s that time of year! That’s right, the time of year nobody at the office even cares about except for the two people that went to top basketball schools - one of which didn’t make the tournament, and the other isn’t even a Final Four pick for the alleged â€Å"I bleed Duke blue† supporter. This year, we are each putting in $15 and winner takes all (a few of us have been eyeing the Steph Curry jersey). How else do we create buy-in, right? Anyway, brackets are filled, stakes are high and games are starting. Let’s dive right into it. Introducing, the 2016 NCAA Brackets Overview: Lydia â€Å"Lids† Fayal’s knowledge on sports is as extensive as her familiarity on Fermet’s Last Theorem - close to none. As such, her bracket consists of diversified influence from â€Å"which school is preppiest,† her boyfriend’s also-close-to-none-knowledge on basketball, and fortune cookies from the Chinese restaurant down the street. Lids has UVA beating Villanova in the finals. Jamil â€Å"Silent Killa J† Al-Ghosein is an out-of-the-box thinker. Most people use a combination of season performance, playing style, team dynamics, coaching and intuition to map out their brackets, but Killa J uses none of that. He placed the mascots in an hypothetical cage match to the death and see who came out alive. He has UConn beating Pitt, and has UVA, UNC and Kansas out on first round. Thank you to the office comedians and their hilarious brackets, now let’s take a look at the real contenders: While most people may treat brackets as a leisurely activity, Drew â€Å"The Big D† Evans is all about â€Å"business before pleasure† - and brackets are pure business. Thus, he put aside his Michigan roots and has UNC beating Kansas in the finals with an all-around solid bracket. Similarly, Steph â€Å"Shyumai† Shyu bleeds blue and is religiously faithful to Duke. But she knows better. In spite of clutching onto a sliver of hope for a repeat championship, she knows that Duke doesn’t stand a chance this year. Shyumai has Michigan State beating Oklahoma in the finals - realistic, but, for some reason, has Duke making it all the way to the quarter finals. Allan â€Å"Mad Vibez† Buntoengsuk also has Michigan State beating Oklahoma in the finals. Honestly, he probably copied Steph’s brackets. His sole focus this month is on â€Å"designing dope sh*t.† Frances â€Å"Black Soul† Wong is a Georgetown alum and extremely bitter about the Hoyas not making it this year. Going against her upbringing of being righteous, building karma and paying it forward (she’s the do-gooder behind despite her nickname), her bracket is based strictly on a â€Å"payback for Georgetown† model. She has Michigan State beating Kansas for the win. Oakley â€Å"Lion Child† Purchase had zero interest in brackets, but as soon as he learned there was money involved, he became a bracketology and statistical analysis expert within a matter of minutes. Backed by Excel sheets and Conor McGregor motivational quotes, Lion Child’s prediction also has Michigan State beating Kansas on April 4th. Ed â€Å"Eazy-E† Ong is undoubtedly the biggest trash talker on and off the courts. He’s gone on record multiple times that he’s never lost a NCAA bracket pool. Will he finally succumb to his first loss this time around or achieve that fictional win he keeps talking about? We’ll find out. He also predicts Michigan State prevailing over Kansas in the finals. Ryan â€Å"Yarn† Kwok has Kansas beating UVA in the finals. He’s going to win. He should take everyone’s money right now. Save the trouble of speculation. Is it obvious I’m writing about myself in third-person? Jerry â€Å"Jer Bear† Huyghe looks human but is actually a calculated and high-functioning warlock. His methods are unconventional to the untrained eye but has constantly proven to be of success (read: proprietary algorithm). Jer Bear foretells Kansas beating UNC in the finals. Julia â€Å"Fairy Potion† Marsh didn’t create a bracket, but created the biggest upset already by not joining the pool. WHY JULIA, WHY!!!!!!! And finally, President Obama has Kansas beating UNC. President Obama if you’re reading this, please join our pool, that would be super cool. By the way, I already spotted your buy-in. Dont even trip, its on me. That’s all, folks! If you want more March Madness, check out our very own college traditions bracket.Keep an eye out for power rankings next week!

Examination of SportsScotland and Inactivity in women in Scotland The WritePass Journal

Examination of SportsScotland and Inactivity in women in Scotland Introduction Examination of SportsScotland and Inactivity in women in Scotland IntroductionFundingLinks to Elite Sport and Mega EventsInclusionConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction Inactivity in girls and young women is an increasing public health issue in Scotland. 65% of 14 year old girls do not reach recommended levels of physical activity and 43% of adult women do little or no exercise (Sportscotland, 2011). It is therefore understandable that the government is striving to tackle this problem by implementing initiatives such as Fit for Girls (FFG) in secondary schools across Scotland. The Fit for Girls programme is a joint initiative between the Youth Sport Trust and sportscotland, aimed at increasing physical activity participation among girls aged 11 to 16 years. The programme was piloted in 2008 and is being delivered to 296 mainstream and 11 additional support needs (ASN) schools across Scotland, over a 3 year time schedule. The primary objective of the programme is to bring about sustainable change in schools that moulds a positive future for girls’ participation in physical activity. Fit for Girls aims to achieve this by providing an interactiv e environment for participants, emphasising the importance of consulting girls, working with them to establish reasons for disengagement and developing strategies to enhance future participation. The principles of respect, empowerment and participation are inherent of the programme. Girls who are currently inactive or have low levels of participation are encouraged to express their thoughts, feelings and ideas in a real and honest way. It is hoped that the Fit for Girls programme, coupled with the engagement of PE staff and Active Schools Coordinators, has the ability to make a significant impact on girls’ physical activity levels as well as their perception of physical activity and sport. Funding Sportscotland is a Quango, that is, an organisation that is funded by taxpayers, but not controlled directly by central government. Sportscotland are provided with a budget from the government and they choose how, and where to distribute the funds. A sum of  £530, 000 was invested into the Fit for girls programme in 2008.   This would finance the roll out of the program over a 3 year period. Each participating secondary school was entitled to apply for a  £700 start up grant. There was flexibility in how the grant was spent. However, funding could be used to employ staff or coaches to deliver sessions as this was not viewed as being sustainable in the long term however, the funding could be spent to train staff, volunteers, parents and senior pupils, to provide them with the essential skills and confidence required to deliver the activities. Other uses included modernising changing facilities, upgrading equipment, and providing development pathways for senior pupils. Whilst man y acknowledge the importance of sport and its potential to greatly impact on a nation’s health, culture and pride, it can be argued that for a country in severe economic crisis, the  £46,257,000 savings, which could be achieved from cutting sportscotland may be better invested elsewhere in the public sector. It is due to this controversial issue that many organisations and projects such as FFG are hanging in the balance. They are completely dependant on funding and as FFG has reached the end of its three year schedule, it is not yet known whether their funding will be extended. Links to Elite Sport and Mega Events The links between Fit for Girls and elite sport is limited. It is unlikely that a project of this nature and capacity will unearth a substantial amount of new talent, of the standard to perform at an elite level. The links between this project and events such as the 2012 and 2014 Olympic and commonwealth games appear to be relatively minimal.   These mega events are elite sport and competition at the highest possible level and see countries and athletes from all over the world participate whereas, FFG is sport at a basic, introductory level and is a national strategy within Scotland, exclusive to girls of a certain age. However, by focussing on the foundation principles and objectives of both events, links can be made. â€Å"The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well.† (Olympic creed). Whilst the Olympic Games and FFG appear to be at polar opposites on the sporting spectrum, they both share a similar philosophy which places great importance on participation and personal achievement. It is evident that hosting the 2012 Olympics and 2014 Commonwealth games provides the nation with a great opportunity to capitalize on the hype and publicity of the games and foster this as a catalyst for change and sporting development. This is recognized by reaching higher which acknowledges that â€Å"Major sporting events such as the Olympic, Paralympics and Commonwealth Games provide electrifying experiences for competitors and spectators. If such events are to provide an enduring legacy, they must be used as catalysts for chang e.† – (Reaching Higher, 2007). In FFG’s 1st year, participation levels in P.E and extra- curricular activities rose from 18- 27% This increased participation, expands the national pool of elite sporting talent for events such as the commonwealths, illustrating that FFG does link to elite sport and its major events. In the same way, these mega events greatly benefit schemes of this nature.   Reaching higher states that, â€Å"Volunteers and professional staff are core to the delivery of our vision. Without their expertise people will not get enthused and involved and our sportsmen and women will not reach their potential.†- (Reaching higher, 2007). Whilst it is unlikely that the programme will produce a wealth of new elite sporting talent, FFG does have the potential to produce girls who are passionate about sport and may pursue a career in the sport and leisure industry, in a voluntary, coaching or management and development capacity. This is perhaps the most prominent link to elite sport and mega events and the project   has a framework in place to promote and develop this. The level 1, Sports Leader Award is offered to s4 core pupils, this allows them to gain leadership experience, work with Active Schools Coordinators and Sports Development, as well as working with talented girls who are at risk of becoming disaffected. Additionally, the ‘Heartstart’ Training, British Heart Foundation program is offered, teaching pupils emergency aid such as CPR and how to recognise heart attack symptoms. It can therefore be drawn that whilst the links between this program with elite sport and mega events are indirect they are still significant. Inclusion The most prominent issue regarding inclusion with this program is that it excludes boys. Through FFG, the young women are receiving higher quality equipment and changing facilities, as well as having a greater deal of input and choice into the curriculum structure. It is evident that this may result in the boys feeling jealous and overlooked, which could have a detrimental effect on male participation levels and motivation. However, Reaching Higher illustrates that with regards to female participation in the 16+ age group: rates stand at 59% against 68% of young men additionally, 40% of girls have dropped out of all sports activity by the time they reach 18 (sportscotland participation survey. 2002-2004). This demonstrates that drop out and participation levels are a greater problem in girls than boys. Studies have suggested that the main reasons for girls drop out in P.E are lack of skill, and feeling embarrassed (Fit for Girls Workshop: Bucking the Trend, 2010). On average, girls e nter sport at 7.4 years of age in comparison to boys at 6.8 years old. 47% of girls are reported to be involved with some kind of organized sport by age 6, while 60% of boys of the same age are  participating. (Women’s Sports Foundation Research Report 2008). This illustrates that on average, boys have a head start on girls with regards to sports participation and skill development. Research into the sociological dimensions of girls’ physical activity participation concluded that the â€Å"traditional subject matter of physical education†¦privileges boys while disadvantaging girls†. What is sometimes referred to as the â€Å"hidden curriculum† in physical education, places great importance on skill level and ability, as well as emphasizing competition, rather than promoting sport and physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyle. (Garrett, R. 2004). The curriculum centre’s around team games and competitive activities and this learning cli mate, in turn, has often favoured male pupils due to their greater level of experience in a sports environment. Additionally, their confidence to perform athletic skills, which they are both competent and familiar with lead them to enjoy and excel in P.E classes, while girls often experience anxiety and marginalization. Literature also states that women are far more self-conscious than men when participating in sport and physical activity. (Brudzynski, L., William, E. 2010). The Fit for Girls program aims to combat this by adapting the curriculum to include more expressive and artistic activities, in conjunction with this, evidence suggests that the female only environment assists in reduce anxiety and body image concerns â€Å"Female PE staff makes me feel more comfortable taking part in activities, especially trampolining and dance.† (Bannockburn High School, S3 pupils.) Many would champion the program for seeking activities and teaching environments which increase female p articipation in P.E however, it can be argued that with regards to the modernized changing facilities, which include hair dryers and straighteners, the boys are being unfairly discriminated against and are disadvantaged. In today’s society, young men feel the pressure to look a certain way and conform as well as girls, this could be seen as a luxury which if anything, nurtures stereotypical views and creates an even greater sense of segregation and conflict between male and female pupils. Alternatively, Evidence suggests that whilst boys do care about their appearance and would like upgraded facilities, it has a stronger influence on the take-up of females than their male counterparts. Fit for Girls’ runs in 296 of 376 mainstream high schools, which equates to 79% and only 11 out of 193 ‘ASN’ high schools, equivalent to 6%. Whilst disabled pupils are not completely excluded from this scheme, the figures clearly illustrate that the provision is severely limited. â€Å"People with a disability, who equate to one in five of our population, are also less likely to participate in sport† (Reaching Higher, 2007). Therefore, it can be argued that if anything, they are at a greater need for exposure to projects such as this. Conversely, it is evident that there are many children with additional need who do not attend an ASN school, instead they are included in the mainstream schooling system,(Scottish Education Report 2007), suggesting that whilst the program is only operating in 6% of ASN schools, it is likely to be reaching a larger percentage indirectly. A further issue regarding the inclusion of this program is that it is only delivered in secondary education. It can be postulated that FFG would achieve even greater results if it was to engage with the girls at a younger age i.e. primary school. By interacting with the girls at a younger age, there is more chance of positively influencing their perception of sport and instilling good habits and attitudes however, It has been identified that between the age of 14-18 is the period in their life when most girls drop out of sport, with 40% being completely disaffected by the time they reach 18. With projects such as this, which rely heavily of funding, there is always going to be issues of inclusion. This is a project which undeniably targets a very specific population, thereby excluding many others however, by analyzing the scheme and what they are striving to achieve, it is difficult to condemn or pick fault in their strategy. The nations’ disengagement with sport and the problems that this creates cannot be tackled with one sweeping solution, whilst FFG may isolate certain groups; it is likely to have a greater success rate by focusing on its target demographic and their specific needs, rather than attempting to reach a larger population on consequently limited funding and resources. Whilst the reasons to target such a specific population are justifiable, the project could be made more sustainable and inclusive if it was integrated into the curriculum for excellence. This appears to be the next logical step forward and would enable the program to flourish and prog ress without the requirement of additional funding. Conclusion In today’s society a physically active lifestyle is recognised as an essential component of healthy living. In addition to the long term health benefits, physical activity during childhood supports holistic development, assisting to prevent overweight and obesity and the health concerns associated with these conditions, as well as enhancing psychological wellbeing. With adolescent girls being identified as at risk of becoming disaffected, The Fit for Girls project set out with clear objectives to increase the participation in sport of this population and improve their experience of sport. There is limited literature evaluating the success of the project to date however, from initial figures and case studies, the project appears to have been a success in achieving its primary objectives. With regards to elite sporting pathways and links to mega events, the connections are extremely limited, only by analysing the basic foundation principles can any parallels be drawn and even th en, they are still weak. Undoubtedly there are issues of inclusion with this scheme, by targeting such a specific demographic; it inevitably isolates a wider population. With everything considered, it can be drawn that whilst its links to elite sport are limited and it may be subject to scrutiny over issues of inclusion, the project was successful in achieving its objectives and is a small, but significant stepping stone towards increasing female sports participation. Despite acknowledging the success and importance of this project it could be concluded that the best way forward does not require an extension to the funding, instead, the principle and structure of the project should be addressed and integrated into the curriculum for excellence. References Bailey, R., (2005). Evaluating the relationship between physical education, sport and social inclusion. Education Review, 57, (1), 71-90. Brudzynski, L., William, E. (2010) Garrett, R., (2004). Negotiating a physical identity: girls, bodies and physical education. Sport, Education and Society, 9 (2), 223-237. Ferguson, M., (2009). Call for Scottish PE overhaul after damning report. Future Fitness. Sport and Fitness for today’s youth, July. p.5. Fit for Girls Workshop: Bucking the Trend, (2010) Hardman, K. (2007). Physical Education: â€Å"The future ain’t what it used to be!† University of Worcester, UK. Hardman, K., (2008). The Situation of Physical Education in Schools: a European Perspective. Human Movement, 9 (1), 1-14. Scottish Executive (2003). Let’s make Scotland more active – A Strategy for Physical Activity. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh. Scottish Education Report. (2007) Wallace, J ., Homes, A. (2007). Fit for the Future? Young people’s participation in physical activity in Scottish secondary schools. Scottish Consumer Council, Glasgow. Women’s Sports Foundation Research Report. (2008) Reaching Higher. (2007) www.scotland.gov.uk www.sportscotland.co.uk. www.youthsporttrust.org

The current leadership and memebership composition of the Chinese Essay

The current leadership and memebership composition of the Chinese Communist Party reflects the evolution of the Chinese state and society since 1949. comment - Essay Example The CCP and its cadres â€Å"are changing in ways that make creative solutions to political governance problems feasible than a repeated violent reaction to social change, as in 1989† (Smith, 2003). While progress and reform is on the party agenda, its leadership still retains useful traditions and customs. A case in point is the utilization of nomenklatura system for selecting party leaders. Its critics will point to its shortcomings, including its inability to curb corruption within the party ranks. But the nomenklatura system was not devised to deter corruption. Also, the cadre responsibility system was meant to act as an analytical tool for zeroing in on the primary goals of the party and assessing the success of various policy initiatives; and it has proved equal to this stated objective. The history of China over the last sixty years has not been without moments of indiscretion and impasse. When in September of 1949, the communist revolution was complete and the CCP ascended to power, the people of China were relieved and also hopeful; Relieved of closing a conflict-ridden chapter of their recent history and hopeful of a brighter future. It can safely be said that their hopes were fulfilled to a large extent. The CCP has to be credited for bringing about a degree of economic and political stability in the first decade of their reign. The subsequent years will prove to be more challenging for the CCP leadership, which had to deal with famine caused by its Great Leap Forward program. From these early days, when the party and its members were still learning the ropes of governance it has now become a sophisticated and well coordinated political machine. The party building efforts in modern urban settlements (also called ‘shequ’) is an innovative move. Furt her, â€Å"Such local experiments in limited political reform are creating a mixed regime based on one-party rule, Mandarin traditions, and intra-party

Issue paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Issue paper - Essay Example The culture of any country is a conglomerate of many societies, which are unique and special to them. However, the values are not measured on individual differences but the differences on the society. Such differences are known as group level constructs (Hofstede 16). While applying this knowledge, anyone has to consider several factors, which always accompany culture. Examples of these factors include the national wealth, national history and heritage, the different individuals who live in the country as well as any coincidental events. While applying this method, a great level of care has to be taken into consideration in order to predict the future with more accuracy. According to Geer, culture is the collection of programmes of the mind, which differentiates followers of one group or class of individuals from another (Hofstede 16). A research was conducted in sixty-two countries, which sought to identify the most common cultures among the people in the world. The results conclude d by identifying nine similar cultures in most part of the world (Evan and Gordon Web). This therefore formed a benchmark for measuring independent variables. The variables were later noted to contribute to the differences between countries, which affect culture, and performance of my team (Ward Web). Being in South Korea, my country embraces deep religious practices among its citizens. Majority of the population in the country comprises of Buddhists, Christians, Confucians, Shamanist, and many other traditional religious groupings. Religion in this country will form a basis for the formation of work teams. Moreover, religion will form a moral code for human relations. I have also realized that Koreans are very respectful of an individual’s choice while the culture of impudence is highly discouraged. People in the groups will tend to avoid bad behaviors since it will discourage other group members from participating. I have also learnt that South Koreans have strict rules on decency and etiquette, whereby they tend to follow seniority in age and the hierarchical ranks (Asia Pulse Web). Individual collectivism is another cultural difference among nations, which impacts on the performance of teams. Individual collectivism is described as the value in which individuals and different groups give to themselves. Independent people are more concerned with achieving self-actualization and career success rather than dependent people who like to see themselves in successful teams. Cohesion among group members is of great concern than the individualism in the group. Therefore, I would consider that an individual has to prioritize group work rather than individual goals (Asia News Monitor Web). Gender concern is another issue that tends to affect the performance of group members. Different nations have different views and policies regarding the relationship of men and women in different work areas. In South Korea, masculinity defines responsibilities based on gende r in the society. In high masculinity communities, there are higher salaried jobs and ranks that are meant for women whereas in low masculinity organizations, women get recognition, which is more equitable in terms of positions and power. In South Korea, people prefer to have man in power as compared to women. Moreover, people prefer to have men in professional career growth than women. This role has made South Korea a high masculinity

Jury and Group Think Essay Example for Free

Jury and Group Think Essay A jury is a sworn group of citizens gathered to provide a reasonable and unbiased verdict and a finding of fact on a legal inquiry presented to them officially or set a penalty based on the evidences and the law. This practice is considered to have originated from England where nobles and freeman were accorded the right to be tried by a committee of the same class as they are rather than be subjected to the judgment of the king. The right to jury trial in both state and federal proceedings is guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Seventh Amendment also accords explicitly the right to jury trial for all parties involved in civil cases at the district level. In the United States, only juries can provide a verdict and set a penalty for the accused if found guilty. This is especially true for cases when the penalty decided is capital punishment (Jury, 2006). This power vested in a jury makes it important to analyze how verdicts are formed in the environment of jury deliberations. One way to do this is through jury simulation research. Jury simulation research involves the methods of research used to understand how a jury would react to statements made by parties involved in court cases and how they would arrive at the verdict. Some of the methods used are prospective juror demographic research, mock trials, jury selection, shadow jury and post-trial jury interviews. The usual market research techniques are also used such as phone surveys, focus groups and feedback sessions. The results of these researches are used by parties involved in court proceedings for settlement negotiations and setting up a defense or prosecution strategy that would be compelling to the jury (Jury research, 2007). The main strength of jury research is that it presents interested parties possible combinations of strategies that could possibly influence the jury verdict in their favor. Visual exhibits, witnesses, metaphors, timeline of events and other techniques in the presentation of evidence are tested to understand the viability of each and combinations of these for the benefit of the interested party. Psychological and sociological analysis is used to give parties an edge on jury trials. Research of this type has been successfully utilized in some landmark cases such as the IBM antitrust trial of 1969 and the O. J. Simpson murder case (Jury research, 2007). The main limitation is that it is impossible to predict exactly what needs to be done for a jury to make a decision in favor of the party. In the methods involved in jury research, questions are often general demographic ones that will not accurately predict the outcome of the jury deliberations. Surrogate jurors and not the actual jury members are used to represent the jury pool in the research. Jury research is simply no guarantee for victory in a case (Jury research, 2007). Mock juries are used in jury research to try to analyze in a controlled experiment how a verdict is reached in an actual jury. However, they cannot accurately mimic the behavior of actual juries. The behavior of the jury is based on the personal perspective of the individual jurors and external factors that may affect the behavior and decision making capabilities of the individuals and the whole jury in general. For instance, the pressure provided by the high stakes of a case, the stress from time constraints and routine disruption and other psychological stresses may not be exactly replicated in mock juries. â€Å"Group thinking† is the term used to describe tendencies of groups to base their decision not on their personal judgment but on the collective and single unanimous decision that may not always be the best given the biases and desires of the members of the group to come up with the decision at the soonest possible time. It is defined as â€Å"a way of deliberating that group members use when their desire for unanimity overrides their motivation to assess all available plans of action† (Janis, 1972). This very commonly affects the verdict of a jury. This is because, following the framework prepared by Janis (1983) on Group Thinking, the antecedents such as structural faults (insulation, lack of impartial leadership, lack of norms and procedures) and provocative context (high stress from external threats) are commonly characteristics of a presiding jury. This tendency to seek unanimity over proper assessment leads to bad decision-making. Some of the symptoms that often characterize defective decision making stemming from group thinking include the incomplete analysis and consideration of alternatives and objectives, failure to examine risks from choice and reappraise rejected ones, poor information search and selective information bias and failure to contingency plan. Because of the high stakes involved in jury cases, it is important to ensure sound decision-making by steering away from the tendency to group think. The most effective way to prevent group thinking is promoting vigilance against it. The first step is to recognize when symptoms of group thinking are starting to appear. Group members must strive to retain status equality to prevent a single member from influencing the entire group. New information must always be sought to challenge a reigning agreement to test its strength. Norms must be set to retain vigilance such as having a devil’s advocate, instituting dialectical inquiry and assigning a specific member to remind against bias and group thinking (Meade, 2003). The tendencies of group thinking may be uncovered through jury research. There is a danger that certain parties that rely on jury research may prey upon these tendencies. Therefore, it is important that jury retain its impartiality and sound decision making capability to effectively perform its duty to uphold justice in any court proceeding. Bibliography Janis, I. (1972). Victims of groupthink, Boston: Houghton – Mifflin Janis, I. (1982). Groupthink (2nd edn. ), Boston: Houghton – Mifflin Janis, I. (1983). Groupthink model. Retrieved 19 May 2007 from http://choo. fis. utoronto. ca/FIS/Courses/LIS2149/Groupthink. html.

Rhetorical Strategies in Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Essay

â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God†-Essay In the 1700’s the Puritans left England for the fear of being persecuted. They moved to America for religious freedom. The Puritans lived from God’s laws. They did not depend as much on material things, and they had a simpler and conservative life. More than a hundred years later, the Puritan’s belief toward their church started to fade away. Some Puritans were not able to recognize their religion any longer, they felt that their congregations had grown too self-satisfied. They left their congregations, and their devotion to God gradually faded away. To rekindle the fervor that the early Puritans had, Jonathan Edwards and other Puritan ministers led a religious revival through New England. Edwards preached intense sermons that awakened his congregation to an awareness of their sins. With Edwards’ sermon, â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God† he persuades the Puritans to convert back to Puritanism, by utilizing rhetorical strategies s uch as, imagery, loaded diction, and a threatening and fearful tone. Edwards applied masses of descriptive imagery in his sermon to persuade the Puritans back to their congregation. For example, he gave fear to the Puritans through this quote, â€Å"We find it easy to tread on and crush a worm that we see crawling on the earth, so it is easy for us to cut a singe a slender thread that any thing hangs by, thus easy is it for God when he pleases to cast his enemies down to hell†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 153) In this quotation, he utilized vivid imagery because he wanted the Puritans to visibly imagine what he was saying through his sermon, on how angry God is with them, which made them convert back to Puritanism. Through the use of vivid imagery such as â€Å"crush a w... ...God†, by Jonathan Edwards successfully persuaded the Puritans to be converted back to Puritanism. Through Edwards’ sermon the Puritans were compelled to renew their faith back to God. Edwards gave the Puritans a sense of realization, which caused them to go back to their congregation. Edwards horrified the Puritans, with his use of vivid and descriptive imagery, which effectively persuaded them to return to the congregation. Through his utilization of numerous loaded and highly emotional diction, he petrified and convinced the Puritans to go back to the church of God. He also gloriously enhances his sermon with his utilization of threatening and fearful tone tormented the Puritans and convinces them to be pious once again. Jonathan Edwards’s utilization of numerous rhetorical strategies effectively persuaded the Puritans to convert back to their congregations.

Reflection Paper Accounting Essay

Accounting to me is challenge as a whole; it is a good subject to learn because accounting knowledge is always in demand. So far, I am on a good path learning the basics of accounting. I’ve learned how accounting affects business and how it allows organizations to identify cash inflows and outflows. This accounting course provided me a great opportunity to understand the various important aspects of accounting that I believe will be helpful in my future practical life. I need to begin my own particular business in future for that it’s important to have great knowledge of Financial and Managerial Accounting. This course has helped me to comprehend numerous essential ideas of accounting. This knowledge is going to help me to comprehend and investigate financial statements and will empower me to take great business choices in view of accounting data. The following is the rundown of what I have realized and can detract from this course. Chapter 01 After reading the first chapter, I learned that who are the stakeholders or users of the accounting information. I get found out about different organizations like AICPA, FASB and so on impacting the foundation of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for businesses or governmental organizations. I comprehend the significance of morals and accounting gauges like IFRS. While learning different sort of business I become more acquainted with vital idea of accounting i.e. the business entity idea. Most critical thing I adapted in this chapter is accounting ideas and principles. I get to Introduced to assets, liabilities, stock holders equity and imperative financial statements. Chapter 02 Chapter 02 gave insights about strides in recording posting the effects of the business transactions. They are different assets and liabilities records utilized for recoding the exchange as a part of journal, t-records and ledger. Here I learned different strides of accounting cycle beginning from breaking down the transactions by looking at source documents. I found out about get ready trial balance from ledger and amending trial balance errors. Double-entry procedure is utilized which oblige that every exchange be recorded by an entry that has equivalent debits and credits. Resource  records will regularly have charge balances and obligation records will typically have credit balances. I comprehend that records are of two sorts genuine (Balance Sheet accounts) & ostensible (income statement accounts). Chapter 03 After completing the Chapter 03, I am able to understand the adjusting processes of the financial statements for given period in light of trial balance or ledger entries. Here I adapted imperative idea of accrual basis of accounting. In accrual basis of accounting revenues are perceived when they are earned and expenses are perceived when they are really caused to deliver income. Where as in cash basis of revenues and expenses are perceived when cash is gotten and paid separately. Records are balanced so that income statement reports fitting income or cost and to make the balance sheet report the best possible resource or risk. Matching rule obliges that matching of expenses and revenues to introduce a precise photo of the profitability of a business. Adjusting entries are of two sorts deferred and gathered things. In the wake of passing adjusting entries balanced trial balance is readied. Chapter 4 Chapter 04 explained about use of work sheet facilitate the completion of the accounting cycle. The work sheet is a columnar sheet of paper or a computer spreadsheet on which accountants summarize information needed to make the adjusting and closing entries and to prepare the financial statements. Important Steps in competing accounting cycles are preparing adjusted trial balance after posting adjustment entries, Extend adjusted balances of from the Adjusted Trial Balance columns to the Income statement, Statement of retained earnings and Balance sheet. Here I learn important ratios i.e. current ratio and debt ratio. Current ratio specifies company’s ability to pay its short-term obligations. Chapter 05 In chapter 05, I learned different imperative parts of merchandise transactions and there recording. I found out about contra accounts Sales Returns and Allowances account, Sales Discounts account, purchase returns and Allowances account and Purchase Discounts account. Two sorts of  inventory processed took after i.e. perpetual inventory system and periodic inventory technique both having their own particular benefits and negative marks and ought to be utilized according to the need of specific business. Presently computerization as encouraged numerous firms to utilize perpetual inventory method for instance it has get to be economical for some retail locations to utilize perpetual inventory methodology notwithstanding for products of low unit value, for example, goods. Chapter 06 Chapter 06 discusses the diverse methods of inventory accounting i.e. FIFO method, LIFO method and Average cost method. All have diverse merits and negative marks under distinctive situations. For e.g. the merits of FIFO methods are-(1) Easy application, (2) the expected flow of costs relates with the ordinary physical flow of goods and (3) the balance sheet sum for inventory is liable to surmise the current market and so on. Burdens of FIFO can be – amid continually rising prices FIFO can offer ascent to paper profits. Amid times of rising prices, FIFO makes higher net income since the costs charged to cost of goods sold are lower. However LIFO expect that the costs of the latest purchases are the first costs charged to cost of goods sold. Net income is generally lower under LIFO since the costs charged to cost of goods sold are higher because of inflation. Chapter 07 Chapter 07 underlines the significance of having effective internal controls in every business. Inability to implement adequate internal controls can bring about frauds or robberies. Organizations ensure their benefits by different internal control procedures like – segregating employee duties, assigning specific duties to each employee, rotating employee job assignments, and using mechanical devices etc. Five components of internal control are Control environment, Risk assessment, Control activities, Information and communication and Monitoring. Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed. The Act was passed as one aftereffect of the huge misfortunes to the employees and investors from accounting fraud circumstances including organizations, for example, Enron and WorldCom. I figure out how to build up internal control through control of cash receipts and cash distributions, fitting utilization of the bank checking account, readiness of the bank reconciliation, and protection of petty cash funds. Conclusion Accounting is an important factor in any business; large or small. If you don’t know your numbers, you don’t know the financial health of your business. In later chapters I found out about different sort fixed assets like Property, Plant & equipment and depreciation methods like Straight-line method, units-of-production method and double-Accelerated declining-balance (DDB) method and so forth. Depreciation is the measure of plant resource cost distributed to every accounting period profiting from the plant resource’s utilization. Depreciation is a procedure of portion, not valuation. Land is considered to have an unlimited life and is in this way not depreciable. On the other hand, land improvements brief landscaping, parking lots and so on are connections to the land they have limited lives and thusly are depreciable. For Natural resources rather than depreciation we utilize consumption. Consumption is the fatigue that outcomes from the physical evacuation of a piece of a natural asset. While for intangible assets Amortization is utilized. Amortization is the systematic write-off of the cost of an intangible resource for cost. Goodwill is an intangible value connected to a business, confirm by the capacity to gain preferable return on investment over that earned by competitors in the same industry. I struggle with the accrual accounting only because I have never used this method on either a personal or business related level. In fact, this accounting course made me capable of establishing my own business.